Hypertension is a serious condition that requires special attention not only regarding diet but also in the use of medicinal plants. Many people turn to herbal teas or natural supplements without knowing that some plants can worsen blood pressure. In this article, you will discover which plants should be avoided if you suffer from hypertension, the mechanism behind these effects, and what scientific research says.
Plants to Avoid in Hypertension
1. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Licorice is often used for respiratory and digestive issues, but it contains glycyrrhizin, a compound that can raise blood pressure. This acid causes sodium retention and potassium loss, which can lead to increased blood pressure and even arrhythmias. Detox teas that contain licorice can also be dangerous for those with hypertension.
2. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Although often appreciated for its antioxidant and digestive effects, rosemary in large quantities can raise blood pressure. This effect is attributed to its content of stimulating essential oils, which can enhance circulation and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
3. Ginseng (Panax ginseng and other forms)
Ginseng is known for its energizing effects and stimulation of the central nervous system. However, it can cause an increase in blood pressure, especially in high doses or when taken long-term. This effect is confirmed by several clinical studies.
4. Guarana (Paullinia cupana)
Guarana contains high amounts of caffeine and is often used in energy or weight loss supplements. Caffeine is a known vasoconstrictor and can contribute to increased blood pressure, especially among sensitive individuals or those already hypertensive.
5. Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe)
This plant is promoted for stimulating circulation and as an aphrodisiac, but it has vasoconstrictive effects and can significantly raise blood pressure. It is banned in many countries due to cardiovascular risks.
6. Ephedra (Ma Huang) – banned in most countries
This plant is extremely dangerous for those with hypertension. It contains ephedrine, a powerful stimulant that raises blood pressure and heart rate. Ephedra is banned in most European countries and in the USA, but it can sometimes be found in illegally imported supplements.
7. Green Coffee (raw coffee bean extract)
Although promoted for weight loss and antioxidant effects, green coffee contains caffeine and other stimulating compounds. In some individuals, it can lead to increased blood pressure, especially if consumed daily or in large doses.
8. Adaptogenic Plants with Hypertensive Potential (depending on dose and sensitivity)
- Rhodiola rosea
- Ashwagandha
- Maca
These do not raise blood pressure in all cases, but they can have stimulating effects on the nervous system, especially in high doses or in individuals with stress-sensitive hypertension.
Studies and Research
- Glycyrrhizin-induced hypertension: a review Journal of Human Hypertension, 2003
This study demonstrates how glycyrrhizin from licorice leads to sodium retention and potassium loss, causing increased blood pressure. The effects are significant even at moderate doses, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. - Effects of Panax ginseng on blood pressure Hypertension Research, 2002
The research showed that ginseng, although considered a tonic, can induce significant increases in blood pressure in some individuals. The authors recommend caution in administration and avoidance of consumption by hypertensive patients. - Ephedra-containing products and risk of serious cardiovascular events New England Journal of Medicine, 2004
The study analyzed documented cases of severe cardiovascular complications (heart attack, stroke) following the consumption of Ephedra. The conclusion was that these products pose a significant health risk, especially for those with hypertension or heart disease. - Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review American Journal of Hypertension, 2001
The literature review shows that high doses of caffeine (over 200 mg/day) can raise blood pressure, especially in occasional or sensitive consumers. Guarana and green coffee are important sources of caffeine. - The effects of Rhodiola rosea on stress and hypertension Phytomedicine, 2010
The study suggests that Rhodiola can have dual effects: in some individuals, it reduces stress and regulates blood pressure, but in other cases, it can excessively stimulate the nervous system and lead to increased tension, especially when combined with other energizing plants.
Contraindications and Precautions
- Avoid consuming these plants if you have a confirmed diagnosis of hypertension.
- Do not mix stimulating plants with each other (e.g., ginseng with guarana or licorice).
- Consult a doctor or herbalist before starting any natural treatment.
- Regularly monitor blood pressure if taking plant supplements.
- Plants can interact with antihypertensive medications, especially ginseng, licorice, and yohimbe.
Sources:
- Journal of Human Hypertension Glycyrrhizin-induced hypertension: a review
- Hypertension Research Effects of Panax ginseng on blood pressure
- New England Journal of Medicine Ephedra-containing products and risk of serious cardiovascular events
- American Journal of Hypertension Caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review
- Phytomedicine The effects of Rhodiola rosea on stress and hypertension
